Mall of America in Minnesota was lots of fun with visiting family for engagement event and staying at the Radisson, connected to the Mall of America.

Mall of America

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Not to be confused with Mall of the Americas.
Mall of America
2018 Mall of America 01.jpg

The entrance to Mall of America

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Alternative namesMOA
General information
TypeShopping mall
Address60 East Broadway, Bloomington, Minnesota, United States 55425
Coordinates44°51′15″N 93°14′32″WCoordinates: 44°51′15″N 93°14′32″W
OpeningAugust 11, 1992; 29 years ago
OwnerTriple Five Group
Technical details
Floor count4 on East and South Wings
3 on North and West Wings
Floor area2,869,000 sq ft (266,500 m2) + 5,400,000 sq ft (500,000 m2)
Design and construction
Architecture firmHGA, KKE Architects, Inc., Jerde Partnership[1]
Main contractorMelvin Simon & Associates
Triple Five Group
Other information
Number of stores520
Number of anchors3 (2 open, 1 vacant)
Parking12,300 spaces
(Two 7-story ramps and two overflow surface lots)
Public transit accessMetro Minnesota icon.svg  Blue Line
Metro Minnesota icon.svg  Red Line
D-Line (opens late 2022)
Website
mallofamerica.com

Mall of America (MOA) is a shopping mall located in Bloomington, Minnesota, a suburb of the Twin Cities in Minnesota, United States. It lies southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 77, north of the Minnesota River, and across the Interstate from the Minneapolis St. Paul International Airport. It opened in 1992, and is the ninth largest shopping mall in the world, and the largest in the western hemisphere.[2]

The mall is managed by the Triple Five Group (which in turn is owned by the Ghermezian family, along with the West Edmonton Mall and the American Dream). Approximately 40 million people visit the mall annually, with 80% of the visitors that are from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Illinois and Ohio.[3][4]

In addition to the Mall, outside of the mall are additional hotels, restaurants, and stores. The Mall of America and the additional businesses meet at the South Loop District in Bloomington, Minnesota.

History[edit]

The mall’s concept was designed by the Triple Five Group in conjunction with global design firm DLR Group, owned by the Ghermezian brothers, who also own the second largest shopping mall in North America, the West Edmonton Mall.[5][6] The Mall of America is located on the site of the former Metropolitan Stadium,[7] where the Minnesota Vikings and Minnesota Twins played[8] until the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome opened in 1982.[9] A plaque in the mall’s amusement park commemorates the former location of home plate[10] and one seat from Met Stadium was placed in Mall of America at the exact location it occupied in the stadium, commemorating a 520-foot (160 m) home run hit by hall-of-famer Harmon Killebrew on June 3, 1967.[11]

In 1986, the Bloomington Port Authority signed an agreement with the Ghermezian organization.[citation needed] Groundbreaking for the mall took place on June 14, 1989.[12] Organizations involved include Melvin Simon and Associates,[13] Teachers Insurance and Annuity,[14] and the office of architect Jon Jerde.[15]

Mall of America opened its doors to the public on August 11, 1992.[16] Its anchors were Nordstrom, Macy’s, Bloomingdale’s and Sears.[17] Even before opening, the mall had earned several nicknames, including “The Megamall”, “Sprawl of America”, “Hugedale” in reference to the four major “dale” shopping malls within the Twin Cities: Rosedale, Southdale, Ridgedale and the now-defunct Brookdale.[citation needed]

Mall of America became the largest shopping mall in total area and largest in total store vendors in the United States when it opened. The Mall of America’s 42 million annual visitors equal roughly eight times the population of the state of Minnesota. As of 2015, the mall employed over 11,000 workers year-round and 13,000 during peak seasons.[18]

On September 4, 1995, the mall hosted the first episode of WCW Monday Nitro.[19]

In spring 2020, Mall of America closed for a period of twelve weeks in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, closing on March 17,[20] and reopening on June 10 with only 150 tenants open for business.[21] The mall was originally scheduled to reopen on June 1, but civil unrest in the Twin Cities around this time caused the mall to postpone the reopening.[22][non-primary source needed]

Legal battle

In 2003, after a protracted six-year legal battle between Simon Property Group, the managing general partner of the property, and the Ghermezian brothers/Triple Five Group, over majority ownership of the site, a federal appeals court ruled in favor of the Ghermezians, effectively transferring control and planning authority of the mall back to the creator of the concept.[23] The dispute stemmed from a 1999 purchase of Teacher’s Insurance’s 27.5% equity stake by Simon Properties, giving them majority ownership. The Ghermezians claimed they were never told of the deal and sued Simon, citing fiduciary responsibility.[14] On November 3, 2006, the Ghermezians gained full control of Mall of America by spending US$1 billion.[24]

Expansions 

Mall of America spans four floors in the Huntington Bank Rotunda.

On May 18, 2008, the Mall of America received a tax break for a proposed $2 billion expansion. The bill gave the city of Bloomington the ability to increase taxes on sales, lodging and food and beverages to finance a parking ramp at the mall.[25] On March 24, 2012, the Triple Five Group, partnered with architectural firm DLR Group, announced the start of a $200 million expansion that would build into the north parking lot of the mall.[26] The plans called for an additional hotel and an additional 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) of retail space.[27] The project broke ground in the fall of 2013 and began opening in stages in the summer of 2015.[28][29] In March 2014, ground was broken on the mall’s north side for the $104 million, 14-story JW Marriott hotel, owned and financed by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community.[30] In 2018, it was announced that MOA had proposed to build an indoor water park, with a cost between $150 to $200 million for the project.[31][32] In March of 2022, the plan was approved by the Bloomington city council.[33]

Architecture 

Sign at a Mall of America entrance, removed in 2014 as part of the Phase II expansion

The Mall of America has 3 levels on its West side, pictured above.

The Mall of America has a gross area of 4,870,000 sq ft (452,000 m2) or 96.4 acres (390,000 m2), enough to fit 7 Yankee Stadiums inside.[18] The mall is nearly symmetric, with a roughly rectangular floor plan. More than 500 stores are arranged along 3 levels of pedestrian walkways on the sides of the rectangle, with a 4th level on the east side. 4 anchor department stores are located at the corners. The mall is organized into 4 different zones. Each of those zones had its own decorative style until a series of renovations from 2010 to 2015 led to a unified and more luxurious style, as well as to coincide with the mall’s first major expansion.[34] The mall’s food court is on the 3rd floor.[35]

Despite Minnesota’s cold winters, only the mall’s entrances and some below ground areas are heated. Heat is allowed in through skylights above the central amusement park area. The majority of the heat is produced by lighting fixtures, other electric devices and people in the mall.[36] In fact, even during the winter, air conditioning systems may still be in use during peak hours to ensure a comfortable shopping environment.[37] Although the common areas are unheated, the individual stores do have heating systems.[38]

Two nearly identical seven-story parking ramps on the east and west sides of the mall provide 12,287 parking spaces. Overflow parking north of the building provides an additional 1,200–1,500 spaces and 1,407 spa

During its run as an all-encompassing entertainment and retail venue, certain aspects, particularly its bars, have come under scrutiny. In early-2000 a Mardi Gras-themed bar, Fat Tuesday, shut its doors due to indecent exposure and alcohol-related offenses.[39] On November 29, 2011, Google announced indoor maps for Mall of America along with several other places like airports, parks and public spaces.[40] On January 3, 2012, Macy’s Inc. announced it would close its Bloomingdale’s location at the Mall of America after nearly 2 decades.[41]

The Theatres at Mall of America opened three days after the grand opening of the mall. Initially, the cinema was run by General Cinemas, but it was bought out then rebranded by AMC Theatres,[42] and eventually operated by mall management. The cinema occupied the south side of the fourth floor through December 2016, when it closed permanently. It was replaced by Cinemex subsidiary CMX Cinemas in late 2017.[43] Due to CMX Cinema’s bankruptcy proceedings, CMX Mall of America closed down and replaced with B&B Theatres in 2021.[44]

On December 28, 2018, it was announced that Sears (which had been at the Mall of America since its opening in 1992) would be closing as part of a plan to close 80 stores nationwide.[45]

There are also junior anchors, including L.L.Bean, Barnes & Noble, DSW, Marshalls. As well as the former Best Buy and American Girl stores, with the latter being replaced with a 24,000-square-foot M&M’s retail store, which opened in late 2020.[46]

Attractions 

Amusement park view from third floor

Nickelodeon Universe, formerly Camp Snoopy, is an indoor theme park in the center of the mall. The park features roller coasters, among numerous other rides and attractions, including many not related to Nickelodeon, and is the largest indoor theme park in the United States. Unlike many indoor amusement parks, Nickelodeon Universe has a great deal of natural foliage in and about the park, and its floor has a wide variance in height – the highest ground level in the park is 15 feet (4.6 m) above the lowest. The rides include the roller coasters SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge, Fairly Odd Coaster, Back at the Barnyard Hayride and Avatar Airbender, and a thrill ride called BrainSurge. It also has a miniature golfing section called Moose Mountain. This miniature golf course features eighteen holes and a relatively fast astroturf surface.[47]

At the Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium, guests travel through a 300-foot-long (91 m) curved tunnel through 14 feet (4.3 m) of water to view over 4,500 sea creatures including sharks, turtles, stingrays and many more.[48] Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium offers special events such as sleepovers, scuba diving, snorkeling and birthday parties.[49]

  • Amusement park and other features
  • The amusement park, during its "Camp Snoopy" days

    The amusement park, during its “Camp Snoopy” days

  • The Metropolitan Stadium home plate marker

    The Metropolitan Stadium home plate marker

  • The Harmon Killebrew chair

    The Harmon Killebrew chair

  • The carousel at the amusement park

    The carousel at the amusement park

  • The band organ, formerly at the carousel entrance

    The band organ, formerly at the carousel entrance

  • The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. restaurant

    The Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. restaurant

  • Another shot of the amusement park during the Camp Snoopy era

    Another shot of the amusement park during the Camp Snoopy era

  • Another shot of Camp Snoopy from a different angle. The Kite-Eating Tree ride is shown in this picture.

    Another shot of Camp Snoopy from a different angle. The Kite-Eating Tree ride is shown in this picture.

  • When Camp Snoopy became Nickelodeon Universe in 2008, the Kite-Eating Tree was restyled and renamed Swing-Along.

    When Camp Snoopy became Nickelodeon Universe in 2008, the Kite-Eating Tree was restyled and renamed Swing-Along.

  • The three-story U.S. flag, which was used on July 4, 2008

    The three-story U.S. flag, which was used on July 4, 2008

  • The mall's information sign, which shows the use of "MOA"

    The mall’s information sign, which shows the use of “MOA”

  • The MPR store, emphasizing A Prairie Home Companion. This has since closed.

    The MPR store, emphasizing A Prairie Home Companion. This has since closed.

  • Al's Farm Toys, a farm-themed toy store that closed in 2016

    Al’s Farm Toys, a farm-themed toy store that closed in 2016

  • A few of the unique sports-themed stores throughout the mall. Team Choice, Rybicki Cheese, and Lids Locker Room (formerly Locker Room) closed, but Goldy's remains and has since become Goldy's Locker Room.

    A few of the unique sports-themed stores throughout the mall. Team Choice, Rybicki Cheese, and Lids Locker Room (formerly Locker Room) closed, but Goldy’s remains and has since become Goldy’s Locker Room.

  • The mural painted in the style of Seurat; formerly near the food court

    The mural painted in the style of Seurat; formerly near the food court

  • The Lego "Imagination Center", the longest-standing mall attraction

    The Lego “Imagination Center”, the longest-standing mall attraction

  • The Lego Store after 2010 remodeling

    The Lego Store after 2010 remodeling

  • Nickelodeon Universe at the Mall of America

    Nickelodeon Universe at the Mall of America

  • Mall of America front entrance

    Mall of America front entrance

  • The TCF Rotunda at the Mall of America is a common event location

    The TCF Rotunda at the Mall of America is a common event location

Nostalgic artifacts and memorials[edit]

  • A stadium seat commemorating the longest home run at Metropolitan Stadium, hit by Minnesota Twins player Harmon Killebrew on June 3, 1967. The seat is painted red and bolted to a wall to mark the exact height and position at which the ball landed in the upper-deck seats.[50]
  • A plaque embedded in the floor of Nickelodeon Universe, marking the exact spot of home plate at Metropolitan Stadium.

    The home plate plaque in Nickelodeon Universe

    [50]

  • A second plaque was added to the floor of Nickelodeon Universe in 2018, marking the spot on the 50-yard line at Metropolitan Stadium that was used for the coin toss before every Minnesota Vikings home game played there.
  • The United Airlines Flight 93 memorial, for those who died aboard during the September 11 attacks. The bust of Tom Burnett (who was born and raised in Bloomington) is on the west side of the first floor, next to the fountain in front of Nordstrom.[51]

Transit 

Main article: Mall of America station

The mall entrance to the transit station

In the lower level of the eastern parking ramp is the Mall of America station, the busiest transit hub in Minnesota with services to and from many destinations in the Minneapolis – St. Paul metropolitan area. The Transit Station contains two stops on the Metro Transit network: the southern terminus of the METRO Blue Line (light rail) to Downtown Minneapolis via MSP Airport and Hiawatha Avenue (operated by Metro Transit), and the northern terminus of the METRO Red Line (BRT) to Apple Valley (operated by the Minnesota Valley Transit Authority). Both agencies also operate many local bus services to the Transit Station and many area hotels along with the Mystic Lake Casino offer free shuttles to their establishments.

The mall is not a park and ride facility, and overnight parking is banned to prevent passengers taking the train to the airport. Commuters are required to use the nearby 28th Avenue station‘s parking ramp. The station underwent a $25 million upgrade which was completed in October 2019.[52][53]

Security 

Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) are trained extensively in Israel, each one going through at least 500 hours of training that includes communication techniques, first aid, defensive tactics, crisis intervention, terrorism awareness and rapid response.[54] As Doug Reynolds, the former Security Director at the mall noted in a congressional testimony in 2008, BDOs are taught to “look for intent, rather than means. The objective is to focus on suspicious indicators in three categories: People, vehicles and unattended items like backpacks, shopping bags, suitcases.”[55] This methodology has prepared the mall for a variety of threats, both from terrorists and everyday criminals.

In 2010, it was noted that mall security officials were instructed to question or detain individuals exhibiting what they deemed “suspicious behavior”. Signs of suspicious behavior included photographing air-conditioning ducts, or signs that a shopper was hiding something.[56] At the time, some officials within the Bloomington Police Department worried that the mall’s security methods may infringe on rights.[57]

In 2011, NPR‘s All Things Considered and Morning Edition and PBS‘s NewsHour both aired programs documenting security abuses by the mall’s security personnel.[58] On December 31, 2013, members from the First Nations protest movement Idle No More attempted to repeat a successful Native-American round dance held at the mall in 2012,[59] but failed after being stopped by mall security. Organizers of the dance, Patricia Shepard and Reyna Crow from Duluth were arrested on site for trespassing.[60]

In February 2015, the al-Shabaab militant group also released a propaganda video calling for attacks on the Mall of America and other Western shopping centers.[61] Although the group had never launched attacks in North America,[62] security at the mall was tightened in response and Homeland fSecurity issued a one-day alert to shoppers to remain vigilant.[61]

 

1] [72]

In media[edit]

The Mall of America was used as a filming location for various movies and television shows,[76] including:

The mall was also referenced in the series How I Met Your Mother during the episode “Slap Bet” as the reason why native Minnesotan Marshall Eriksen believed that Robin Scherbatsky would have been married in a mall; this is a reference to the Chapel of Love in the mall.[81][82] The mall was the location of the premiere of Digimon: The Movie (2000).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “The Mall of America”. Translucency.com. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
  2. ^ D’Innocenzio, Anne; Press, David Porter | Associated (2019-10-25). “Mall of America developer opens nation’s second-biggest mall in New Jersey. But will shoppers come?”. Twin Cities. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
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  4. ^ Sederstrom, Noel (November 15, 2018). “Minnesota’s top tourist destination: Mall of America with 40-million visitors”. KTTC-TV. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
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